Redshift speaks the postgres protocol so you might be able to use postgres. There are a few purpose-built docker images (googleable) that may replicate Redshift slightly better than just `docker run -p 127.0.0.1:5439:5432 postgres:latest`, but if you're at the point of having a test suite for your data warehouse code, you're likely using Redshift-specific features in your code and postgres won't suffice.
I have seen teams give each developer a personal schema on a dev cluster, to ensure their Redshift SQL actually works. The downside is that now your tests are non-local, so it's a real tradeoff. In CI you probably connect to a real test cluster.