Lytro makes light field cameras. A single sensor can be used to capture enough information to do a lot of computational imagery work like the somewhat gimmicky example of changing focus. But you also have enough data to do things like accurately apply filters to parts of an image based on depth information. A good simulation of viewing the image through caustics or other distortion effects. And, to me the most interesting, reconstruct 3d information from a single sensor.
Downsides, a 16 megapixel sensor only got something like 4 megapixel of image resolution because of how much data has to be captured for the light field. So consumer grade sensors resulted in (by contemporary standards) very low resolution images. And all those neat effects weren't really available, except maybe to their commercial partners (later products and services).
