Don't forget that we use a gazillion languages here. They'd have to either produce separate packaging for each country / language region or attach a brochure to each tube of toothpaste. These Latin/English-based names are the lingua franca of the ingredient lists on this kind of products specifically. I'd say it's better than having absolutely no idea if the shampoo you bought on vacation contains stuff you're allergic to.
A bottle of shampoo from my bathroom has this list of ingredients on it:
aqua, cocamidopropyl betaine, coco-glucoside, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, glycerin, panthenol, glyceryl oleate, hydrolyzed wheat protein, sodium benzoate, parfum, citric acid, denatonium benzoate, tocopherol, hydrogenated palm glycerides citrate, lecithin, ascorbyl palmitate.
A toothpaste has this list on it:
aqua, sorbitol, hydrated silica, PEG-8, xanthan gum, sodium lauryl sulfate, aroma, sodium monofluorophosphate, calcium glycerophosphate, sodium sacharin, methylparaben, propylparaben, CI 73360.
Granted, this is in EU...
Edit: a funny typo, there's bound to be more.