Plenty of US companies are successful in China: McDonald's, KFC, and Apple come to mind.
I think Uber failed to adapt to local conditions. I was in China about a year ago and suggested Uber a couple of times, but we always ended up using Didi. A major part of that was payments: Didi integrated with the mobile provider's payment system making everything nice and transparent, while Uber wanted a credit card.
All the companies you mention are having big problems in China right now.
Apple will lose at least 50% of its sales in China over the span of about two years. They just lost a third of their sales there as of the latest quarter, while their market share is plunging rapidly. Zero chance that situation will turn around. In China, if you lose your position, you're toast.
Yum is desperately trying to figure out how to liquidate out of China as their market share collapses rapidly. Yum is finding out that China is hard to operate in to begin with, and much harder to operate in when the ground is sinking out from under you. They'll be out of China entirely, holding a minority position, within just a few years. McDonald's is in the same increasingly struggling boat:
1) The higher the mountain, the more treacherous the path - Frank Underwood
2) What you think, you become - Buddha
3) If you want something you have never had, you must be willing to do something you have never done