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What do you meant by them sidestepping the HAL?


I think the biggest one is that the whole GDI library was moved into the Kernel in 3.5x because the performance was terrible at the time.

I don't think they ever intended to keep all drivers strictly userland, though. Just the service side.


Mind you I don't have access to Microsoft code, so this is all indirect, and a lot of this knowledge was when I was fledgling developer.

The Windows NT code was engineered to be portable across many different architectures--not just X86--so it has a hardware abstraction layer. The kernel only ever communicated to the device-driver implementation through this abstraction layer; so the kernel code itself was isolated.

That doesn't mean the device drivers were running in user-land privilege, but it does mean that the kernel code is quite stable and easy to reason about.

When Microsoft decided to compromise on this design, I remember senior engineers--when I first started my career--being abuzz about it for Windows NT 4.0 (or apparently earlier?).



This submission came later but is getting more traction, with 81 comments so far: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46470017


Before spidering the site for offline reading, be aware:

“Rather than secure rights to the recommended papers, we have simply provided links to Google Scholar searches that should help the reader locate the relevant papers.”


Why not to Scihub?


Sci-Hub rules:

    1. You do not talk about Sci-Hub.
    2. You do NOT talk about Sci-Hub.
    3. If a download says "Stop," goes limp,
       or taps out, that download is over. 
    4. Only two tries per mirror. 
    5. One download at a time. 
    6. Shirt and shoes optional. 
    7. Downloads will continue until publicly funded
       research is widely distributed. 
    8. If this is your first time at Sci-Hub, you
       have to download something interesting,
       actually read at least part of it, learn
       something, and then fight ignorance and/or
       stupidity with it.


Then you were successfully beworn.


A perfect task for an AI agent, BTW.


Having very older parents, what an important use case!

Long gone are the days of writing a family update, including physical photos, and putting them in the post.

Fortunately, I’m able to guide my parents in their tech usage. I can’t imagine what it would be like to be their age and have nobody to do the same. The sheer isolation… It’s horrible to contemplate.


> I used to be a polyphasic sleeper

Why? If you don’t mind me asking.


How many ounces consumed over how many minutes?


Indeed. It’s like a leet version of Unicode’s “Symbols for Legacy Computing” block.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing


“It mimics the behavior of liquid by creating a particle system that reacts to the computer's orientation.”


Do you have data to support that?


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